Consumer Psychology Marketing Communications - 1025 Words

CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PSY322 May 13, 2013 Charles Dudek This purpose of this paper is to analyze two articles in the context of consumer psychology and marketing communications. The fist part will define consumer psychology looking at why consumer behave the way they. The paper will also examine how research has made it easier to predict human behavior exploring its benefits. The aspect of using what has been learned about consumer psychology will be looked at, more specifically with young consumers. Most people learned early in school that â€Å"ology† mean the study of when speaking of a science such as biology or physiology these are for the most part exact and most variables†¦show more content†¦This can be extremely changeling because young people tend to follow fads and trends. An item that is the hottest selling item this month may be long forgotten in as little as 60 days because young people desires and wants change so rapidly Television has been a mainstay in reaching this group (Kraak, 1998). However, this is also changing with young people spending more time online and spending countless hours gaming rather than watching television. Advertisers have discovered they must meet the young where they meet. It is not uncommon to see major companies advertise within the gameplay of a video game. From the Beetles to Justin Beiber, Young people have always been influenced by pop culture. This is a huge marketing advantage. Celebrities have become an essential piece in the marketing strategies of many companies, especially when marketing to the young people. For example it is commonplace for young people to convince their parents to spend nearly two hundred dollars on the latest LaBron James or Kobe Bryant endorsed sneakers. In conclusion, consumer psychology is a complex and difficult field to study and predict. However, with the advance of technology and the ability to collect and analyze data in real-time, how and why consumers buy has become much more predictable. This information has led to significant changes in the way companies target and market their products. In the case of young people the use of successful methods such asShow MoreRelatedConsumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis846 Words   |  4 PagesConsumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis PSY/322 August 14, 2013 Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis People think, desire and act different. Consumer psychology can be a study of costumer behavior. Market communication will involve in consumer psychology by media promoting and targeting people by the evidence collected. These articles represent that behavior that bring joy to people and creates a study of marketingRead MoreConsumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis807 Words   |  4 PagesConsumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis PSY/322 November 13, 2012 Dr. Sharlyn Moore Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis Consumer Psychology is the art of determining consumer requirements through study and analysis of consumer spending and purchasing habits relating to products or services advertised for sale. The analysis portion focuses on consumer motivation concerning products and mood relative to purchasing products. The CherryRead MoreConsumer Psychology and Marketing Communication Essay695 Words   |  3 PagesConsumer psychology is an important part of current society. The reasons behind why products are in some areas and not others are determined by consumer psychology. Businesses must decide what to sell. They must also decide how and where to sell their products. Psychological concepts assist businesses in making decisions and discovering the best options available to them. Companies find ways to creatively brand their products to entice consumers to purchase them. People are not always aware theyRead MoreConsummer Psychology and Marketing Communication971 Words   |  4 Pagesh ead: Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communication Message Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communication: A view to Concepts and Drives PSY322 February 27, 2013 Abstract This essay will discuss the definition of consumer psychology, and will describe the psychological concepts and their importance in developing a successful marketing communication message. It will further explain the relationship between consumer psychology and marketing communications. Consumer Psychology andRead MoreConsumer Psychology and Marketing Essay examples891 Words   |  4 PagesConsumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis PSY/322 University of Phoenix Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Article Analysis Consumer psychology is described as the study of the patterns or choices that people make when purchasing items or services (Perner, 2010). It involves trying to predict the buying patterns of consumers, as well as what types of advertisements or promotions reach various groups of consumers (Perner, 2010)Read MoreEssay about Marketing and Psychology862 Words   |  4 Pagesof Marketing and Psychology Mustafa Bilal University of Phoenix PSY/322 October 7, 2013 Chawn Williams Consumer psychology is a sub-branch of social psychology that falls under the umbrella of psychology. A consumer is a person or group that uses a service of product. Psychology is the study of the mind. These two words, when put together is the study of the human mind concerning â€Å"why† and â€Å"how† it decides why, what, where, and when to consume a product or service. Consumer psychologyRead MoreUsing Emotions to Build Advertisements955 Words   |  4 Pagesspeaking to consumers. By assessing consumers and their responses to different types of emotional marketing, the value of emotions in advertising and the field of marketing can then be determined (Bagozzi, Gopinath, Nyer, 1999). In the following studies, emotions in ads and the psychological and emotions reactions of consumers are reviewed to see if emotions can further the productivity of the marketing industry (Rajecki Gerber, 2012). USING STUDIES TO SHOW EMOTIONS IN ADVERTISING/MARKETING StudyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Marketing And Consumer Behaviour And A Marketing Strategy Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesD : The importance of consumer behaviour to Marketers in 2015 The relationship between consumer behaviour and a marketing strategy was proposed by Donal Rogan (2007) as being ‘about increasing the probability and frequency of buyer behaviour. Requirements for succeeding in doing this are to know the customer and understand the consumer’s needs and wants’. It is important to note that consumer behaviour is an on-going process, something which is infinite and this is where the idea of linking itRead MoreA Positive Note For Advertising858 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertising So many people are intimidated by the word marketing. They may not realize it, but marketing is a part of their daily routine and they will use it for the rest of their life. Singles use marketing theories to find love, parents to convince children to behave, and teachers to sell knowledge to the classroom. Anytime someone successfully convinces or sells another person on their idea, or product, they likely used elements of marketing without even realizing. In light of this, one of theRead MoreBenefits of Employee Engagement in Organizations1022 Words   |  5 Pageswork for the organisation, inspiration, and challenges), and absorption (concentration) (Schaufeli et al, 2002; Baker et al, 2008). The subject of employee engagement has increasingly become more popular within the research fields of marketing, business, psychology and public relations because of the supposed benefit that employee engagement brings to the employee, the customers and the company. Various scholars have listed these benefits, which can all be divided between an organisation-level and

Intro to Chicano Studies Free Essays

David E. Dominguez April 21, 2013 ECC RM 169 Introduction to Chicano Studies Midterm Have you ever noticed the numerous similarities between you and your peers? No? Perhaps the way you speak upon one another, the tone, maybe the diction, or even the syntax of your voice can all be apart of ones culture. However, communication is only one of the very many key elements when taking in and digesting the term, ‘Culture’ along with its eclectic and widespread meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro to Chicano Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, when I say, â€Å"take in and digest†, I simply am referring to act of embracing and understanding the complete meaning of the word and its effect on our everyday life. Many professionals such as Anthropologist, Doctors, Psychologist, Economist and many more Scientist have their own definition of what culture may be, as well as your regular neighbors, classmates, co-workers, and even teachers. So why is this measly word so important? Well figure this, there is only one race everything else is culture, here in the United States of America we are what is defined as a multi-cultural society, nationwide. This means that within our country resign many different ways of life, entertainment, appearance, language, social classes, and even many deaths due to disease, thus resulting in a grand amount of what are called cultural clashes. Categorized as conscious and unconscious, these confrontations have an enormous effect on our civilization. Culture is an essential part of conflict and conflict resolution. Cultures are like underground rivers that run through our lives and relationships, giving us messages that shape our perceptions, attributions, judgments, and ideas of self and other. Though cultures are powerful, they are often unconscious, influencing conflict and attempts to resolve conflict in imperceptible ways. In other words, there are many circumstances in which these types of conflicts are in a sense, uncontrollable, meaning our regulatory system of life may have been pre-judged, now bare with me here, to my understanding due to my research, cultures are more than language, dress, and food customs. Cultural groups may share race, ethnicity, or nationality, but they also arise from cleavages of generation, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation, ability and disability, political and religious affiliation, language, and gender- nd this just to call upon a few. There are also very many theories to this term, culture. For example, The Resource Pot defines culture as mutual adaption of diversity in life, also as respect and celebrated diversity. On the other hand, the concept and theory of The Salad Bowl reveals another meaning to culture, such as acculturation, acculturation is when two or more cultures come into psychological, physical, or even environmental contact and begin to alter thei r original customs to further adapt to that in which they have discovered. This theory also reads that this part of culture is â€Å"color blind†, not literally of course but symbolically, towards race and ethnicity. Lastly there is the theory of The Melting Pot, which is a more assertive and aggressive form of acculturation, in which the dominant of the two cultures will succeed and overthrow, if you will. This particular theory also portrays the word Ethnocentrism. This is the act of judging ones culture based upon your own cultures’ ways and or beliefs. Emic and Etic are terms used by anthropologists and other social scientists referring to two different types of data collected on human behavior. Often used by cultural anthropologists, an â€Å"emic† point of view is one where the analysis of behavioral and cultural systems is defined in terms that are meaningful to the individual who is a participant within that culture, also known as an â€Å"insider’s view†. The emic perspective arises from the participant of the culture being observed. Now, the Etic point of view is which comes from the â€Å"outsiders† of the particular culture in which is being observed. In a comparison, the Etic perspective is used if the representations are in accord with scientific observers. The etic perspective employs a more logical, analytical and anthropological analysis of one who does not participate in the cultural that is being observed. However, despite any differences between these two perspectives, and due to my educational research, anthropologists agree that any ethnographic work ought to be represented using both the emic and etic views. To fully understand a culture, anthropologists must be able to understand the culture empathetically and scientifically. The two approaches build off one another and allow for a wider understanding of culture. Also, there are many elements in which may influence ones social and personal behaviors/identity as well as their mentality and psychological judgment or comprehension. Just to point out a few- life experiences, environment, personal choices, and Adversity†¦ ersonally, I believe you have to give back to those more in need to fully understand who you are as a person, in today’s society it is a â€Å"give me all about me† society and the more you give the more you gain as an individual and the more you grow and develop your own genuine not manufactured characteristics. Yes, I said manufactured characteristics, believe it or not but people are many times shaped and formed into who they are due to what they watch or see on the television screen or from what they hear on the radio stations, even within our children, its an epidemic. The mentality of the youth in any community as well as anywhere else across the globe, is very gullible and vulnerable. For instance, I observe the television shows on the Disney Channel that my four year old, soon to be five year old little sister watches, and I have learned that in each showing there is constant affectionate and loving relationships between young boys and girls. Now although it is portrayed as humor and may seem completely innocent, it makes me wonder how this will effect my baby in the future, along with the sexual and intimate lyrics played both on the radio stations and at home. I feel that the media contributes to the epidemic of pregnancy in young women now a days. That is just one personal opinion of observation from my perspective as an older brother as well as a young Chicano. I have come across these connections between Disney Channel’s young affairs, the radio stations, and the epidemic of pregnancy through my own personal experiences and visualizations of the youth in my family and across the city. My theory goes on much more into depth but lets stay on topic. The media is only another element in which may influence ones identity; another involves the environment, the habitat, and the beings all around the individual. When we enter the world we enter naked physically, socially, and culturally. Unlike other living creatures humans need social experience to learn their culture and survive. Only humans rely on culture rather than instincts to ensure the survival of their kind. The natural thing to humans is to create culture. Culture has to be learned it is not apart of a biological make up; but our biological make up makes culture possible. We as humans do not inherit habits and beliefs we acquire them during the course of social experiences. We come into this life without a language, social class, values, morals, religion, race, we do not even know how to love or hate. It is through human contact that people learn to become members of the human community. Culture is the values, beliefs, behaviors, and materials that form the way of life for humans. Culture interprets our surroundings for us and gives us meaning and allows us to express ourselves. To learn any culture is to learn a person’s values, ideas and of what is desirable in life. Values underline or preferences, guides or choices, indicate what we hold worthwhile in life. Values help define the character of a culture, but it does not provide specific courses of actions. Without any morals or values in life there is no culture, and once again, without culture what is life? What is the point of life without Culture? Without Culture life would be meaningless and boring, I think it is an extraordinary craft to learn ones culture who differs from you. How to cite Intro to Chicano Studies, Papers

Software Defined Networking for Literature Review- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSoftware Defined Networking for Literature Review. Answer: Introduction At a general view, Software-defined networking (SDN) outlines an architectural revolution in networking devices where unlike before, network components are decoupled to form the general elements of control and the data plane. As a result of this segmentation, the control plane is then centrally controlled using quality applications which boost administration and other network management operations [1]. Now, SDN tries to solve the issues faced by conventional networking architecture that lack the adaptability features to cope with the demands of today more so, in the fields of data centres, campus networks and other carrier platforms. This report focuses on SDN as a new networking technology and highlights the security issues that currently faces and those that are set to affect it in the future. Moreover, its offers suitable recommendations to meet these security challenges. Literature Review SDN promises a completely new paradigm in the way networking configurations and traffic management is done by introducing new functions to all the networking topologies available today. This outcome is necessitated by the state of technological advancements which demands agile and dynamic systems that can adjust to immediate needs. In the past, this has been accomplished through traditional systems however, their deployment inflexibility limits the implementation of new technologies such as cloud computing [2]. Now, the concept of SDN has been in existence for a long time but has just been recently refined to the design it currently holds. In all, the idea is to diversify network functionalities by abstracting the underlying network resources to offer both application and networking services. SDN Features Now, this objective of abstracting the underlying resources enhances control where centralised administration and management is offered which improves the performance and increases the overall control over networking systems/functionalities. Although still in its infancy stages, the ONF (Open Networking Foundation) an organisation responsible for furthering SDN objectives, outlines SDN as a technology that separates the networking control plane from the forwarding plane [3]. In this model, the control plane manages and regulates devices in the said networks. Furthermore, the SDN architecture allows the data plane to be completely programmable while being separated from the control system. Through this regime network functionalities are directly distributed to the devices without manual input from the administrators. Therefore, in the end, the network design takes an autonomous system where control is centrally managed and underlying hardware configurations are made using an applicati on accessed by the end user. SDN operational efficiencies surpass those of networking functionalities as its application spans multiple fields including application development. For instance, Software developers can optimise their operations through the high-level networking abstraction offered by the control plane to define more sophisticated application used as networking resources. Furthermore, in tune with the demands of emerging technologies such as IoT and cloud computing, the underlying networking fabric can be adjusted to fit any new operational or service requirements, an outcome that cannot be met by conventional networking architectures [4]. SDN Architecture Similar to the software implementation procedures, SDN architecture will utilise modularity principles where abstraction of resources is used to meet operation requirements. Therefore, all networking processes, from configuration to resource allocation and prioritisation will be divided into three major components data, control and application [2]. Through this outline, all layers or plane are well defined with their appropriate boundaries and roles. Moreover, plane specific APIs are provided to manage them including the communication of adjacent planes. The planes: Data plane This plane is characterised by the networking components such as routers, switches, firewalls and virtualization tools. In all, the role of this plane is to forward traffic efficiently based on the regulations set by the controlling plane. Furthermore, SDN eliminates the configurations used for isolation as well as the intelligence tools for forwarding. Control plane the plane that makes the decisions pertaining to the network and traffic control. Its central component is the SDN controller that translates users and business objectives into traffic controls such as access, bandwidth and traffic regulation. Furthermore, programmability is introduced in the same plane which enables real-time manipulation of networking resources. Application plane front end systems that outline business application and networking systems. The overall networking architecture is presented to the end user through northbound APIs. These application link with the SDN controller which facilitates the configuration of networking components to regulate traffic and other resources located in the data plane. Fig: SDN Architecture Requirements for SDN While this new architecture or network design offers a wide range of applications including network programmability and virtualization, the current framework of networking systems must be completely changed to fit the needs of SDN. For one, the protocols in use must change to have a distributed outlook that coordinates changes across all existing conventional networks. This outlook requires complex protocols implementations that offer services on the underlying networking infrastructure to facilitate the regular services offered by networks i.e. routeing traffic, switching, authentication and offering the quality of service (QoS). Now, fulfilling these requirements outlines the complex challenges facing the technology as will be outlined in the next stage of this paper. Nevertheless, these functionalities and networking consideration will eventually be sorted by the management tools that will coordinate traffic and data flow through agile and automated configurations [5]. Therefore, all the SDN requirements will be fulfilled by the wide range of operational and functional requirements that will ease programmability, deployment and resource provisions. SDN Security Issues While many advantages are presented by the technology, the new architecture does pose some serious security threats. For one, SDN being a new technology will be continuously targeted by intruders in an attempt to highlight its faults. Therefore, appropriate security measures should be implemented on all the vulnerabilities it presents. The Controller Weakness A central control provides many administrative functionalities that improve the overall functionality of the networks. However, it being a hub outline serious security concerns as an access to it could bring down the entire network. Isolation has always been a key concept in threat mitigations as it minimises the fields attacked. Therefore, in case of weak authentication or encryption procedures, the entire system is disclosed and can be manipulated by a third party member [6]. Programmability of the Network Network developers can easily configure and install security systems into networking infrastructure. Moreover, they can make adjustments based on the immediate needs. However, the same functionality can be used to re-configure or re-program the network to fit the needs of a malicious individual. Therefore, similar to the open systems seen today where users are tricked to install compromised applications, hackers can target networks by tricking administrators to install compromised network applications. In the end, the networks are left vulnerable and the intruder accesses the networking resources. OpenFlow Switches Unlike regular switches which may have the appropriate security considerations, OpenFlow switches operate using OpenFlow standards which are yet to be verified in the industry. Moreover, all OpenFlow switches operate as root devices i.e. they have absolute access to the underlying infrastructure which predisposes them to many security issues if compromised. For instance, if intruders were to gain access to an OpenFlow switch, they could alter the configuration made on an entire network so long as the switch is connected to it. In essence, anyone who accesses these switches gains administrative rights for the affiliated network [1]. Possible Solutions Securing the controller and the control layer This starts with hardening the hosts operating systems for instance through the use of Linux. Secondly, implement strong authentication procedures for the controller using regularly updated logging details and trails. In addition to this, the network should be maintained using the regulatory procedures and security compliance requirements. Implement uniform SDN security policy unlike the current model, the SDN functionalities and security policies should be integrated into its rules and regulations i.e. the SDN policies. This will help regulate security across all components including switches. Security controls Similar to the controller, SDN should implement security control such as firewalls, access control and packet filters. Moreover, these functionalities can be embedded into the controller themselves to boost their security as well [6]. Authentication and access control SDN should apply authentication and encryption procedures on all the connections associated with it. This will protect the architecture from attacks such as eavesdropping, sniffing and snooping. Conclusion Recent technological trends have led to the increased requirements for computing resources which among other components include networking resources. In the past, these resource requirements have been met using virtualization technologies that lease out functionalities and operations. Although efficient, these resources still face issues in rolling out dynamic solutions. SDN plays a key role in meeting these challenges of increased demands for computing resources by implementing revolutionary architectures that assigns new roles to all networking elements. This form of delegation improves the functionalities of the networks by enhancing systems flexibility and deployment outcomes through advent control as well as resource programmability. References [1] Cisco. (2013). Software-Defined Networking: Why We Like It and How We Are Building On It. White paper. (Online). Available FTP: https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/solutions/industries/docs/gov/cis13090_sdn_sled_white_paper.pdf [2] Horvath. R, Nedbal. D Stieninger. M. (2015). A Literature Review on Challenges and Effects of Software Defined. Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems / International Conference on Project MANagement / Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies, CENTERIS / ProjMAN / HCist 2015. (Online). Available FTP: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283170852_A_Literature_Review_on_Challenges_and_Effects_of_Software_Defined_Networking [3] Bakhshi. T. (2017). State of the Art and Recent Research Advances in Software Defined Networking. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. (Online). Available FTP: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2017/7191647/ [4] Gong. Y, Huang. W, Wang. W Lei. Y (2015). A survey on software defined networking and its applications. Frontiers of Computer Science. Available FTP: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11704-015-3448-z [5] Dubey. A Khanna. B (2016). Security in software defined networking: a review. International Journal of Computer Engineering Technology (IJCET). Available FTP: https://www.iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/uploadfolder/IJCET_07_04_007/IJCET_07_04_007.pdf [6] Lim. A. (2013). Security Risks in SDN and Other New Software Issues. RSA conference 2015. Available FTP: https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/sec-r01_security-risks-in-sdn-and-other-new-software-apps_copy1.pdf